• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The disclosed invention consists of a manufacturing method for complex-shaped, laminated, multilayer, plant fiber based building components (4 ') of isotropic or anisotropic, plant fiber based elements (0, 0'), which is cheaper and more resource efficient, since it produces less waste . This is achieved in that elements (0, 0 ') based on plant fibers are deformed by a self-shaping step (II), the shape-changed building components (3') based on plant fibers are deformed by applying an input stimulus (2) change from the initial state with the initial wood moisture content (U1) and starting temperature (T1) to final state with final wood moisture content (U2) and final temperature (T2) for a moisture change ΔU between 1% and 20% and / or a temperature change between 0 ° C and 70 ° C before the changed shape Plant fiber-based building components (3 ') are stacked and connected in a stacking and fastening step (III), which forms shaped, laminated, multi-layer building components (4) based on plant fibers for further treatment.
    公开号:AT523035A2
    申请号:T9119/2019
    申请日:2019-03-19
    公开日:2021-04-15
    发明作者:Rüggeberg Markus；Burgert Ingo；Grönquist Philippe；Menges Achim；Wood Dylan
    申请人:Empa Eidgenoessische Mat & Forschungsanstalt；Eth Zuerich；Univ Stuttgart；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TECHNICAL AREA
    The present invention describes a manufacturing method for molded, stacked, multilayer, wood-based building components.
    STATE OF THE ART
    More or less complexly shaped, multi-layer building components made of either isotropic or anisotropic material such as bent wood or wood-plastic parts are interesting for use in architecture, in the construction of housings and ceilings for wood construction companies or furniture manufacturers.
    There are known methods for the production of shaped, multi-layer components such as bent wooden parts, for example cold and hot form bending as the most common method in industry and craft to produce large, bent wooden parts. Layers or panels of wood are physically bent and screwed onto negative formwork, with glue on top of each other
    vacuum-laminated or press-laminated, as shown in FIG.
    The necessary formwork is expensive and ultimately uses more material than is used for the parts. Some formwork can be reused, but it requires adjustment and redesign for each new geometry; a good part of the formwork is only used once before it is disposed of. There are customizable hydraulic presses for the production of single, curved glue laminate wood parts with custom bends. When bending the shape, the tensile strength of wood limits the thickness of the profile shape and the dimensions,
    the formwork springs back and creeps over time.
    Form bending is also used to produce furniture parts with high bends and details that use thin layers of veneer. On the order of a component, however, such thin layers are not practical. Shape bending of wood with steam enables the production of high-curvature wood parts from thicker layers by making the wood more flexible before it is physically deformed when the moisture content and temperature are high. This method requires formwork and high forces to bend and hold the wood for a long time. It requires
    also additional energy for steam generation.
    Other processes for the production of curved wooden parts by companies, including "Flexible Plywood" (e.g. Radius Bending Plywood), "SD-Veneer" (SD-Venier) (e.g. Reholz / Danzer) and Cold-Bend Hardwood ™ (Pure Timber LLC) use modifications to the wood structure, weakening of the wood structure at different scale levels, or changes to the layering in the plywood to achieve higher bends than they did with unmodified
    Wood are possible. Although these procedures are bending
    Procedures are typical for small batch production of
    Applied art, furniture and exhibition pieces, curved wooden parts can be made of standard, straight, glue-laminated and cross-laminated
    Wood blanks or from slightly curved parts can be milled subtractively. This creates a lot of waste material and results in parts where the
    Wood fiber orientation is not aligned with that of the bent part.
    Ecologically induced wood double layers and wood composite double layers have been examined in detail in the last 5 - 10 years (Holstov et al. 2015 &2017; Menges & Reichert, 2012; Reichert at al. 2014; Rüggeberg & Burgert 2015, Vailati et al. 2017). The aim here is upscaling, which is made possible by the unique combination of material properties of wood. Until now, a manufacturing process for complex-shaped, multi-layer wood components could not be achieved as desired.
    Besides wood double layers, US2016339627 shows another method that achieves a deformable material, comprising a base material with a natural shape together with a second material which is arranged on the base material in a certain pattern in order to force a deformed shape on the base material, the deformed shape is different from the natural form. More precisely, the base material is a stretchable, two-dimensional material and is used before and during the application of the second
    Material subjected to a bias, whereupon after
    Building materials such as wood.
    In US2016240826 an active, self-deformable material is disclosed which comprises a flexible base material with an active material which is arranged on or within the flexible base material in a specific pattern. In particular, the properties of the active material and the flexible base material are so different that the active material reacts to an external stimulus trigger which causes the active, self-deformable material to be automatically deformed into a predetermined three-dimensional deformed shape. The method is only promising for flexible base materials as long as the base material reacts in a certain way to an external stimulus trigger. Although this method could in principle be applied to first and second layers of wood or any other isotropic or anisotropic multilayered component, it would not allow more complex shapes to be achieved at lower cost and less waste. In particular, this process involves breaking the material down into smaller fibers, which is a disadvantage for larger parts as more processing and additional materials are required to maintain the strength
    of wood.
    The object of the present invention is to develop a less expensive manufacturing process that is more resource efficient in that it produces less waste while producing molded, laminated fiber-based components for various applications with higher bends and more complex shapes in a reproducible manner. Experiments have shown that even the dimensional stability of the molded, laminated, vegetable fiber-based components could be improved with this process.
    Another object of the object of the invention is to provide a manufacturing method which
    Avoids formwork and customized
    Mass production allows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    A better understanding of the various aspects of the invention can be obtained by referring to the following detailed description, along with the accompanying drawings briefly described below.
    Figure 1 shows a schematic of the prior art manufacturing processes for curved beams and shells, including cutting, drying and various mechanical shaping and shaping
    Gluing steps.
    Figure 2 shows a schematic of a process for manufacturing shaped, laminated, vegetable fiber based components of either isotropic or anisotropic material according to the invention
    with a self-shaping step.
    Component made of multi-element double layer and
    level layer To the final shaped, laminated, vegetable fiber based component, the inner lines
    show the fiber orientation in the individual,
    elements based on vegetable fibers.
    Figure 4 shows
    a) Multi-layer configurations, comprising at least two cut, vegetable fiber-based elements with indicated fiber orientation in each layer (rotation angle),
    b) Fiber angles between each of the vegetable fiber based ones
    Element layers and
    c) the resulting deformation of the final, deformed, laminated, vegetable fiber based component, which involves bending, twisting and
    Spiral turning achieved.
    Figure 5 shows a photo of a prototype of a multi-layer, molded, laminated, vegetable fiber-based component made by the claimed method and six double layers of spruce
    includes.
    A manufacturing method for molded, multi-layer components is described. This method can be used for various materials that exhibit isotropic or anisotropic dimensional changes in response to various suitable input stimuli 2. With input stimuli 2 is a change in the surrounding climatic conditions, namely temperature and / or change in relative humidity around the
    Vegetable fiber based materials are meant around.
    It should be possible to manufacture the materials in a layered structure. The following description refers specifically to, by way of example
    Plant fiber based materials and composites, for
    Example wood, modified wood (chemical and physical), wood-based materials, technical wood products, wood-plastic composite materials,
    Cellulose composite materials, 3D printed materials and structures based on wood fiber or cellulose. The process leads to complexly shaped, multilayered components based on plant fibers, especially wood-based components. The used, on
    Plant fiber based items need to be strong and rigid
    enough to result in the complex-shaped, multilayered, plant-fiber-based components that are later used in the
    Architecture can be used to build apartments and ceilings or to build furniture. The wood-based elements, in particular in the form of solid layers or panels, form laminated, wood-based multi-element components and the later formed, stacked, multi-layer construction components based on plant fibers., In particular, the layer or panels are rigid or stiff. Such wood-based
    Elements are inherently stable and therefore self-supporting.
    Properties after contact with a glue.
    In the case of wood as a raw material or elements based on vegetable fibers, various kinds of wood can be used, and one or more kinds of wood can be used within a component or part. In one case it can be a type of wood
    Beech wood, in another case this can be spruce wood
    be.
    FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a step-by-step production process, which begins, for example, with pieces of wood as raw material. The raw material is cut into pieces which form elements 0, 0 'based on vegetable fibers or wood-based elements 0, 0' with various known dimensional changes in known directions when a defined change in the surrounding climatic conditions 2 is applied. For the selected elements 0, 0 'based on plant fibers, when using stimulus 2, the resulting change in shape or bending must be specified for practical application in order to achieve the desired results. The specification could be based on a rule of thumb or by a
    Simulation software can be calculated.
    The elements 0, 0 'based on vegetable fibers are monolayers that are combined either in the Zz direction (shifted in planes) of the Cartesian coordinate system or in the x, y direction (same planes) of the Cartesian coordinate system and connected by a first glue to create laminated, to form multi-element components 1 based on plant fibers, or a laminated, wood-based one
    Multi-element component. With this one
    Initial state or formed in a first forming state,
    If the individual elements 0, 0 'based on plant fibers are connected in a plane-shifted manner, multi-element double layers 1' are formed, as shown in Figure 2
    shown as an example in lamination and bonding step I.
    The laminated, wood-based multi-element components 1 comprise at least two assembled, plant fiber-based elements 0, 0 ', which form loose, laminated, wood-based multi-element components 1 without interconnection, which in a subsequent self-shaping-deformation step II
    or self-shaping step II are processed further.
    The applied input stimulus 2 can be a change in relative humidity (RH) with or without a change in temperature. The input stimulus leads to a certain moisture content U. It is possible that, in the method described here, a first element 0 based on plant fibers is initially equilibrated at sample moisture content U1, while the second element 0 'based on plant fibers is equilibrated at a sample moisture content U1'% # uı is equilibrated. However, both of the plant fiber based elements 0, 0 'are equilibrated at U2 after a change in the surrounding input stimulus 2 change in self-shaping step II.
    While self-shaping step II is being performed,
    finds the change in conditions in terms of relative
    Humidity (RH1l) and / or temperature (T1) in a second condition with a second relative humidity (RH2) and / or a second temperature (T2) instead. This change in condition is called a change in stimulus 2, whereby the samples are transferred from one climate with a certain temperature and relative humidity to another climate with different relative humidity and / or temperature, resulting in an increase or decrease in the sample moisture content from an initial sample moisture content U1l, U1 'leads to a second sample moisture content U2 and / or a second sample temperature T2 at a sample temperature T1. In practice, when layering plant fiber-based elements 0, 0 'in the z-direction, we only need to measure the moisture content of one
    Plant fiber based element 0, 0 'change.
    Depending on the behavior of the plant fiber-based elements 0, 0 'in a certain condition and input stimulus 2, the moisture content is increased or increased from the first condition to the second condition
    degraded.
    Due to various dimensional changes in one direction during the stimulus 2 of both assembled, plant fiber-based elements 0, 0 'is changed, the laminated, wood-based multi-element component 1 is self-shaping, resulting in a change in shape of -laminated, wood-based multi-element components 1 shape-modified, plant fiber-based components 3 in the
    second condition RH2, T2 or other leads.
    The change in shape of the laminated, wood-based multi-element components 1 is due to the conversion of dimensional changes of the various on
    Plant fibers based elements 0, 0 'in response to
    Changes in the input stimulus 2 achieved in shape changes.
    These shape-changed components 3 based on plant fibers are not yet connected to one another. This connection takes place within a final stacking and fastening step III. Shaped, laminated, plant fiber-based components 3 are stacked as desired directly after treatment with the stimulus 2 change and form stacks of shaped, laminated, multi-layer, plant fiber-based building components 4. The stacking takes place in the z-direction, with stacking of molded, laminated, vegetable fiber-based building components 4 are formed, which are joined together by a second glue and vacuum lamination. Also can
    Components can also be joined together in the x-y direction.
    After the stacking and fastening step III, the shape of the resulting molded, laminated, multilayered, plant fiber-based structural components is 4-dimensionally stable, even if the condition is further changed. The resulting molded, laminated, multi-layer, plant fiber-based building components 4 can be used, for example, as furniture parts, as cross-laminated sawn timber (CLT)
    Constructions, buildings or in the architectural field.
    Up until now, the dimensional instability of vegetable fiber based elements 0, 0 'or wooden plastic elements in general has been seen as a disadvantage and limitation and less as a way of using wooden plastic elements as a base for molded
    Building material. For the proposed procedure are
    Combinations of more than one type of wood are possible, each type of wood being suitable which changes in size, for example after changes in its wood moisture content or in general
    Sample moisture content.
    The proposed method is universal in that
    as the same process can be used to make almost any type of final shape of the resulting shaped,
    to produce laminated, multi-layer, plant fiber-based building components 4. New levels of shape complexity can be achieved without extensive milling. In contrast to today's techniques and manufacturing methods for curved wooden components, as shown in FIG. 1, no formwork is necessary in the proposed method, as shown in FIG. 2, which saves materials and costs. In cases where sharp bends and complex shapes could not be achieved by form bending, extensive milling has been used. This creates a large amount of waste, but it has been the only economically viable way to achieve sharp bends. This milling is largely avoided by the method proposed here. The change in shape is programmed in the layout and by changing the moisture content U (with drying or wetting) and then stacking and fastening the shape-changed, plant fiber-based components 3 by lamination in the stacking and fastening step
    III achieved.
    With the new process, a 3D shape is achieved without externally applied forces or chemical or mechanical weakening of the material. The self-formed, shape-changed, laminated, vegetable fiber-based components 3 are at the same time part and
    Template for the production of shaped,
    laminated, multi-layer, plant fiber based building components 4.
    In Figure 2 the process is explained starting with two vegetable fiber based elements 0, 0 'which show different dimensional changes in the same direction when the same stimulus 2 change is applied. Both elements 0, 0 ', which are based on plant fibers, are joined together shifted planes in the z-direction to create a multi-
    To obtain element bilayer 1 ', usually on a first condition.
    Different double layers 1 'are shown, which can be connected in the lateral direction (x, y-direction). Then the self-shaping process of the multi-element bilayer 1 'is carried out during or after the external stimulus 2 change has been applied. Here, the first relative humidity RHE1 and the first temperature T1, which had resulted in a first sample humidity U1, are changed to a second relative humidity RH2 and the second temperature T2, which result in a second sample humidity U2. Here the sample moisture content is reduced to U2 = 12% &,
    while T2 can be the same as T1 or different.
    In practice, the stimulus 2 change is applied for at least an hour or several hours. For commercial reasons, the stimulus change should be
    in particular take at least a few hours.
    The result of self-shaping step II after the
    Stimulus 2 change is a shape changed here
    Double layer 3. A plurality of such a shape-changed double layer 3 'is then connected in the stacking and fastening step III, which results in a
    laminated double-layer stack 4 'leads, which is laminated in particular with vacuum lamination. After the lamination or the stacking and fastening step III, the condition can be changed as long as the resulting molded, laminated, multi-layer structural components 4 based on vegetable fibers are stable in their shape. Optionally, a plurality of shape-changed double layers 3 'in the x, y-direction in front of or with the
    Stacking and fastening step III are connected.
    This process can be used to produce beams or panels that have a desired shape change
    exhibit.
    In one example, a spruce beam 0 and a beech beam 0 'were connected with different fiber orientations. Both types of wood behave differently when the relative humidity is changed. If the fiber orientation of both beams is optimized, the beech beam will show larger dimensional changes in one direction than the spruce beam. A multi-element double layer 1 'shows a change in shape that is constant for the stable moisture content U of the two elements 0 and 0'
    will remain, which are shaped here as beams.
    As shown in FIG. 3, in addition to beam production, as shown in the left column, bowls and other plate-like shapes can also be produced, as shown in the right column. To produce the shell, a large number of plant fiber-based elements 0, 0 'with known dimensional changes during the application of the same stimulus-2-change in lamination and bonding step I are combined, which means that laminated, wood-based multi-
    Element components 1 in the form of a multi-
    Element layer 1 “can be built up. During the application of the stimulus 2 change from the first condition (RHl, T1, Ul, ...) to the second condition (RH2, T2, U2, ...) in self-shaping step II, the
    level multi-element layer 1 "self-formed and leads to a modified level layer 3". Corresponding to the desired shell, a multitude of shape-changed, level layers 3 ″ are connected during the subsequent stacking and fastening step III, thus building up the laminated, level layer 4 ″, which is laminated in particular with vacuum lamination.
    As shown in Figure 3, bent or twisted beams can be made of laminated double layers 4 'and synclastic or anticlastic trays with stacks
    can be made of laminated, level layer 4 ‘.
    According to the method, each element 1 based on vegetable fibers can consist of one, two or more layers in the Z-direction which have been equilibrated to the initial moisture content U11. An external stimulus 2 change is applied before the layers are stacked and secured together in a flat or bent state. Each layer can consist of one or more elements that are attached to one another laterally. It is also possible to make parts from two or more layers, where one layer consists of only one element and the parts are then laterally bonded to one another.
    The individual, plant fiber-based elements 0, 0 'within a laminated, wood-based multi
    Element component 1 can be different
    Fiber orientation and various
    Have annual ring orientation that lead to different
    isotropic or anisotropic dimensional changes of the various plant fiber based elements 0 as a result of the external stimulus 2. For double-layered or multi-layered parts, the individual, continuous layers show different fiber orientations (left column) with a fiber angle of 0 - 90 ° between the fiber direction of the layers. In addition, this angle setting of continuous layers can be rotated in the range of 0 - 180 ° with respect to the reference coordinate system of the wood component (rotation angle), as in
    Figure 4 shown.
    The different orientation of the material in the two layers 0, 0 ', which is determined by the fiber angle theta, can be in the range of a few degrees up to 90 °. The orientation of the material in relation to the coordinate system of the part, which is determined by the rotation angle Phi, can be in the range from 0 ° to 180 °. If Theta = 90 ° and Phi = 0 ° or 90 °, pure bending is achieved, while for Theta =
    90 ° and Phi = 45 ° or -45 ° pure twisting achieved
    becomes. Other combinations lead to combined twisting and bending, as shown in Fig. 4c), third row.
    By attaching elements laterally as well as by stacking and attaching layers with different fiber orientations, the anisotropic dimensional changes are converted into changes in shape of the multi-element double layer 1 'or level multi-element layer 1 * after changing the moisture content. The shape of the final component can be unidirectional bend, bidirectional bend (negative (anticlastic) or positive (synclastic) Gaussian bend), double bend, twist,
    Combinations of twisting and bending with possible
    lateral combinations of these shape changes within
    have a component.
    FIG. 5 shows a prototype 4 '1.5 m long, 12 cm wide and 20 cm thick, which was produced from six curved, shape-modified double layers 3 made of spruce wood. Each shape-changed double layer 3 'consists of a 20 mm thick and a 10 mm thick board with R and L orientation parallel to the long axis of the beam, two spruce boards (L orientation) with a thickness of 10 mm were on the inside and outside added; Average radius of 2 m; Bend was achieved by a stimulus 2 change in the samples / wood moisture content from 20% to 9%. As a glue was on
    Polyurethane based glue used.
    Change in shape of multi-element double layer 1 'has been successfully demonstrated for sizes up to 40 mm thick, 220 cm long and 500 cm wide and for differences in the samples / wood moisture content as a stimulus 2 change of up to 11%. Such a multi-element double layer 1 'resulted in bent, shape-changed double layers 3' being stacked and laminated in order to obtain a bent wooden part 4 '
    which the shape was determined by stacking and lamination,
    Drying of double layers for effecting a deformation by performing the self-shaping step IL has been successfully carried out at a temperature of 55 ° C. in a ventilated climatic chamber for accelerated drying, similar to mild oven drying conditions. Also successful shape changes
    at 70 ° C were carried out in other examples.
    The bending changes obtained were comparable to those obtained at room temperature by prior art methods without any visible damage from glue failure at that temperature.
    A prediction of the curvature has been achieved with only a 10% deviation from the experimentally determined curvature. Scanning wood and digital design
    have already been demonstrated.
    For fastening plant fiber based elements 0 and shaped modified plant fiber based components 2, any type of
    Fastening technology are used such as - bonding with suitable glues,
    - mechanical fastening such as with bolts, screws
    or cables,
    - mechanical connection with, for example
    Finger joints, welding, sewing, stapling etc .;
    in the case of bonding with glue, the pressure required during bonding can either be applied by a press machine (for flat parts)
    Vacuum lamination or by screw clamping
    are executed.
    The individual, shape-changed, vegetable fiber-based components 3, which are stacked and fastened together to obtain the final shaped, laminated, multi-layered, vegetable-fiber-based building components 4, are either in a flat state or in an initially bent state
    Condition at a specific moisture content U1
    produced to which they have been equilibrated under conditions RH1 and T1.
    In the final step, the parts are stacked on top of one another and / or sideways to one another and fastened to obtain the final, complex-shaped component 4. By stacking these parts 3 and fastening them together, any further change in shape of the parts 3 and the final component 4 in response to changes the surrounding relative humidity largely prevented, and the final multilayer component 4 retains its final, programmed shape
    regardless of the surrounding relative humidity.
    The change in shape of the laminated, wood-based multi-element components 1 from their initial state during manufacture to the final shape is achieved by changing the moisture content of the wooden parts by changing the surrounding relative humidity and / or temperature. For example, if there is a high moisture content, wood can be put into production without prior technical (oven) drying. The usual oven drying process to achieve process and operating conditions can be used,
    to achieve the programmed change in shape of parts 1.
    It is also possible to combine the new method with the conventional methods of manufacturing curved structures. Here, a self-deformed, shape-changed, laminated component based on plant fibers or a shaped laminate serves as a template for the final, complex-shaped component.Other layers or parts are then attached to this template by elastic cold or hot bending to create the final, complex to obtain molded component. This combination leaves a
    Formwork-free production Zu, whereby it also allows the production of laminated timber-like structures with unidirectionally oriented fibers. It is called a laminated timber structure because at least one layer with cross-oriented fibers as part of the
    initial stencil bilayer is present.
    Vegetable fiber-based elements 0, 0 'and resulting molded, laminated, vegetable fiber-based components 4 can be fastened to one another using a suitable fastening technique that allows for the necessary deformation, environmental conditions and internal stresses arising in the complex molded component 4 during its useful life allows and endures. Such a fastening technique can be achieved by bonding using a suitable glue, mechanical fastening with screws or bolts, mechanical joining e.g. B. performed by finger joints, sewing, stapling, welding, etc., but is not limited thereto. In the case of vegetable fiber based bonding, glue bonding is performed using any suitable glue specified for wood which is suitable and specified for bonding wood with particular reference to the specific sample moisture content of the elements, layers, parts and components at the time of bonding. In one case this can be an
    Component polyurethane glue (1K-PUR). Change in the surrounding climatic condition
    An input stimulus in the form of a change in the surrounding climatic condition 2 is applied, which leads to dimensional changes in the material. In the case of elements based on vegetable fibers, the input stimulus 2 can measure the surrounding relative humidity,
    be the temperature or a combination of both.
    The input stimulus changes result in changes in moisture content and therefore anisotropic ones
    dimensional changes.
    Experiments showed good results, starting with an initial moisture content U1l between 0-30% and
    ended with U2 between 5% and 15% or an AU between 2% and 15%.
    A typical temperature range is between T1 and T2
    between 10 ° C and 60 ° C, with an increase or decrease possible.
    The time scale of the procedure, or the change in the input stimulus, is mainly in the range of a few hours and is mainly used for four hours. Of course, the self-shaping change II can take at least one day or several days.
    The method described here requires predictions of the change in shape of plant fiber-based elements 0, 0, or laminated, wood-based multi-element components 1, which requires experience or simulation software and scanning and sorting of the wood, since the change in shape depends on the annual ring orientation and fiber direction. The planning process can become more complex as digitally designed parts may need to be assigned to specific areas on wooden planks. Wood is a biological material with intrinsic variability in properties that affect predictability and this must therefore be taken into account in order to achieve acceptable limits on accuracy e.g. B. the bend and around the digital construction tool and the
    to set up industrial manufacturing processes. The on
    Plant fiber based elements 0, 0 'can be natural wood
    and wood-based composites.
    Experiments showed that steps II and IIL can also be applied to individual plant fiber-based elements 0 before they are combined with others. In this case, one layer of the vegetable fiber-based element O0 consists of a gradient material that has a gradually different coefficient of dimensional change
    having along at least one direction to a
    To achieve shape change. The plant fiber based elements 0 are connected after the self-forming step II with the stacking and fastening step III, as described above, and form stacks of layered, laminated double layer 4 ‘. Again the
    Self-shaping step II carried out by a stimulus 2 change from an initial state to a resulting state, while the plant fiber-based elements 0 may initially be flat or initially curved and undergo programmed shape changes in order to achieve the complex, shaped end state after changing a suitable input stimulus 2 to reach. Stacking and securing the parts to form the final component prevents any further change in shape of the component during its useful life. The shape of the final component can be unidirectional bend, bidirectional bend (negative or positive Gaussian bend), double bend, twist, with combinations of twist and bend with different positions within the component may have different bend in possibly different directions. The stacked parts have compatible bend states for stacking and fastening, but can
    be different in size and geometry.
    Reach bend.
    24/34
    LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
    0, 0 ’element based on plant fibers (or wood)
    1 Laminated, wood-based multi-element component (initial condition)
    1! Multi-element double layer (joined together with shifted planes in the z-direction)
    1 "level multi-element layer (joined in x, y direction)
    2 Change in the surrounding climatic condition / stimulus (AT, ARH)
    3 shape-modified, laminated, on vegetable fibers
    based component
    3! Shape-changed double layer 3 "Shape-changed level layer 4 shaped, stacked, multi-layer,
    wood-based building components (in particular on
    Vegetable fiber base)
    4 '(vacuum) laminated double layer (stacking)
    4 "(vacuum) -laminated, level layer (stacking)
    I lamination and bonding step
    II self-shaping step
    III stacking and fastening step
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    Manufacturing process for shaped, stacked, multilayer, wood-based building components (4) by
    wood-based elements (0, 0 '), characterized in that:
    - First wood-based elements (0, 0 ') are joined together in a lamination and bonding step (I) in the first initial climatic condition with relative humidity (RH1) and initial temperature (T1), resulting in an initial moisture content (U1, U1') of the wood-based Elements (0, 0 '), the lamination and bonding step (I) being carried out at the same level or with a shift in planes in order to obtain laminated, wood-based multi-element components (1), which either leads to multi-element double layers (1') or multi-level multi -Element layers (1 ") leads,
    while bonding the wood-based elements (0,
    0 ') is used with bonding technique, followed by
    - a self-shaping step (II) of laminated, wood-based multi-element components (1 ', 1%),
    while a change in the input stimulus (2) is carried out in the form of a change in surrounding climatic conditions, which vary from the initial condition with initial relative humidity (RH1) and initial temperature (T1) to the final condition with final relative humidity (RH2) and
    Final temperature (T2) change resulting in a
    Moisture change (AU) between 1% and 30% and / or a temperature change (AT) between 10 ° C and 70 ° C and in shape-changed double layers (3 ') or shape-changed,
    layers of the same level (3 ") result,
    and a subsequent
    - Stacking and fastening step (III) of a large number of shape-changed double layers (3 ') or shape-changed, level layers (3%) under final conditions with relative final humidity (RH2) and final temperature (T2), the shaped, stacked, multi-layer, wood-based building components ( 4) molds that at least approximately retain their shape at a temperature and / or humidity different from the final temperature (T2) and relative
    Final humidity (RH2) are different.
    The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the stacking and fixing step (III) is performed by a bonding technique comprising a glue and a
    Vacuum lamination process used.
    Manufacturing process according to one of the preceding
    Claims, wherein at least two wood-based elements (0, 0 ") are joined together in a lamination and bonding step (I) at initial moisture content (UL, U1 ') and / or initial temperature (T1) offset in planes in a z-direction of a Cartesian coordinate system To obtain multi-element bilayers (1 ') before the self-shaping step (II) is carried out, while a change in ambient climatic conditions (2) in
    in the z-direction of the Cartesian coordinate system in the stacking and fastening step (III) at the final moisture content (U2) and / or the final temperature (T2) of the double layers (3 ') is stacked and fastened shifted in planes, in order to create stacked and fastened laminated double-layer stacks (4') receive.
    Manufacturing method according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein at least two wood-based elements (0, 0 ') in a lamination and bonding step (I) with the first condition of the moisture content (U1) and / or initial temperature (T1) are planar in an X, y -Direction of a Cartesian coordinate system can be merged in order to obtain a level multi-element layer (1),
    before the self-shaping step (II) is carried out, while the change in the surrounding climatic conditions (2) results in a shape-changed layer of the same plane (3 "), with a large number of shape-changed, plane layer (3") subsequently stacked and shifted in plane in a Z-direction and / or planar in an x, yv direction of a Cartesian coordinate system in the stacking and fastening step (III) at final moisture content (U2) and / or end temperature (T2) of the changed, planar layers (3%) is stacked and fastened to stacked and fastened to obtain laminated, level layer stacks (4 * “).
    Claims, wherein during the application of the
    Self-forming step (II) the initial moisture content (U1) of the laminated, wood-based multi-element component (1, 1 ', 1 ")
    Q
    between 0% and 30%, in particular to a final moisture content (U2) between 5% and 20%, resulting in a moisture change
    Q
    (AU) leads between 1% and 20%.
    Manufacturing method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the shaped, stacked,
    multilayer, wood-based building components (4)
    from initially flat-shaped, wood-based elements (0) or flat-shaped laminated, wood-based multi-
    Element components (1) are produced, which are deformed by the self-shaping step (IX), while ambient climatic conditions are changed from the initial condition (T1, RH1) to the final condition (T2, RH2).
    Manufacturing method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature is increased during the self-shaping step (II) from the initial temperature (T1) to the final temperature (T2), T1 <T2.
    Manufacturing method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the input stimulus (2) is in the form of a change in the surrounding climatic conditions during the self-shaping step (IT) in a predetermined manner for at least one to
    a few hours, especially for four hours,
    is applied.
    Manufacturing process according to one of the preceding
    Claims, wherein the wood-based elements (0, 0 ')
    Spruce and wood-containing composites such as plywood
    are.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2019180006A1|2019-09-26|
    DE112019001411T5|2020-12-03|
    EP3543000A1|2019-09-25|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JP2002018807A|2000-07-06|2002-01-22|Toyo Plywood Kk|Laminated material and its manufacturing method|
    DE102013101428A1|2013-02-13|2014-08-14|Airex Ag|Biegeholzlaminat and produced thereon curved molding|
    JP2015174280A|2014-03-14|2015-10-05|ミサワホーム株式会社|Method for manufacturing laminate material and laminate material|
    US20160339627A1|2015-05-22|2016-11-24|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology|Pre-stressed and constrained transformable materials|
    US20160340826A1|2015-05-22|2016-11-24|Massachusetts lnstitute of Technology|Active self-transformable textiles|CN112428379A|2020-11-13|2021-03-02|山东唐唐家居有限公司|Multi-layer molded door panel molding device and process thereof|
    RU2763098C1|2021-09-30|2021-12-27|Непубличное акционерное общество «СВЕЗА Кострома»|Method for producing flexible plywood "sveza flex"|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP18163138.3A|EP3543000A1|2018-03-21|2018-03-21|Manufacturing method of shaped multi-layer plant-fibre based components|
    PCT/EP2019/056817|WO2019180006A1|2018-03-21|2019-03-19|Manufacturing method of shaped stacked multi-layer wood based construction componentes|
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